United States Wine

Expert Reviews - Vintage 2019 

Joe Czerwinski writes:  Whitehall Lane's 2019 Merlot Napa Valley actually contains 87% Merlot, 8% Cabernet Sauvignon, 3% Malbec and 2% Petit Verdot. Slightly candied cherry notes mark the nose, framed by vanilla and touches of dried tobacco, while the medium to full-bodied palate is succulent and juicy, textured without being overly rich or tannic.  Drinking 2022 to 2030.  - Robert Parker Wine Advocate 90

James Suckling writes:  Vibrant, fruity nose of ripe plums, raspberries, mulberries, licorice and nutmeg. Some chocolate orange, too. It’s medium-to full-bodied with creamy tannins. Plush, round and succulent. Drink or hold.  - Wine Spectator 91

Tim Fish writes:  Refined and structured, with expressive red currant, toasty mocha and tomato leaf tones that gather tension and polish toward fine-grained tannins. Drink now through 2029.  - Wine Spectator 91

Winemaker Description 

This Merlot offers notes of raspberry croissant, red currants, cocoa powder, and layers of graphite. The palate showcases fine, firm tannins alongside chocolate cherry lollipop, red plums, dried goji berries, and toasted brioche. It is supple in texture and shows attractive depth on the finish. Winemaker Description. 

95 Points James Suckling | Lots of sliced lemon, apple, ginger and honey blossom. Meyer lemon, too. Medium to full body, creamy texture. Wild and vivid flavors with so much going on here. Tangy and vivid. Terrific quality for the vintage. Excellent acid. 100% barrel fermented, 60% stainless and 40% oak.

94 Points Wine Enthusiast | A flinty, herbaceous aroma leads to nicely layered flavors of citrus, ginger and limestone in this complex, subtle and fascinating wine. Nervy acidity braces the ample herb and fruit flavors for an especially energized mouthfeel.

93 Points Decanter | The iconic Napa producer fermented this Sauvignon Blanc in French oak, small stainless steel barrels, clay amphora, and ceramic and concrete cuves. Intense sweet peach aromas leap forth, followed by tarragon, sea foam and lemon zest notes. The palate is fresh with pronounced citrus flavors, followed by ripe apricot and briny minerality.

93 Points Jeb Dunnuck | Bright and racy, with lots of citrus, subtle grapefruit, and some chalky minerality, the 2022 Sauvignon Blanc is medium-bodied, has a balanced lively mouthfeel, and a clean finish.

Pretty and pure with aromas of citrus, white peach, and juicy pear, this beautiful Sauvignon Blanc is layered and complex. Apple clafoutis and floral aromatics invite you in. Rich and textural, this wine perfectly balances viscosity and acidity. Sea spray and salted lemon with some grapefruit pith carries through its long finish. Delicious and refreshing! Winemaker Description. 

Expert Review - Vintage 2020 

Wine Spectator 90 Points | This has nice, subtle energy, with rippling rooibos tea, blood orange and red currant notes that meld steadily through a savory finish. 

Bart Hopkins | The beautiful Anderson Valley of Mendocino County is home to some of California’s best Pinot Noir. I look at it as a stylistic bridge between Russian River-Sonoma Coast and the Willamette Valley of Oregon. The fruit leans more to the darker spectrum with earthy complexity and a spicy character. The 2020 Husch Estate Pinot Noir is an exceptional example of what makes Anderson Valley special. Aromas of cherry and strawberry mingle with shades of violet, cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg. Well balanced and harmonious with smooth tannins and lifted acidity that brings focus to the fruit on the long flavorful finish.
Winemaker Description

Winemaker's Description

Lush and powerful, the 2020 Anderson Valley Pinot Noir showcases this valley’s great fruit. The wine presents vivid aromas of amarena cherry, marionberry, lilac, and baking spices. Subtle notes of rhubarb, currant, rosemary, and earth add depth and complexity. Lively and youthful, the wine delivers excellent balance, purity of fruit, and sustained richness with a velvety texture, and it is sure to develop beautifully in the cellar.

This dinner table classic pairs exceptionally with coq au vin, mushroom ravioli, roasted pecans and walnuts, grilled vegetables, or creamy cheeses. 

Expert Review - Vintage 2023 

Tonya Pitts of The Wine Enthusiast 91 Points | This wine is deep, rich, with aromas of boysenberry, Bing cherry, violets, and notes of toasty oak on the nose. The flavors on the palate are strawberry-cherry coulis, Blood orange peel, dark chocolate shavings, interwoven with clove, and a dry finish.

Winemaker Description 

This wine opens with inviting aromas of strawberry, cherry and clove. Hues of red roses and ruby jewel tones fill the glass.  On the palate, this is a soft, fruit-forward wine with plush tannins and flavors of ripe plum and black cherry. Just a touch of new French oak lends texture and helps frame the bright red fruit that radiates from this wine.

Winemaker Description

The 2019 Napa Valley Cabernet is our interpretation of a quintessentially classic style. The color is deep garnet and the nose yields aromas of dark chocolate, pomegranate, cedar shavings, blackberry, and leather. The palate exhibits flavors of blueberry compote, black cherry, espresso, and cigar box with bright and juicy fruit forward sensations. The texture is rich and bold with well-structured tannins that make it approachable now and will yield great results in the cellar for decades. 

Expert Review

91 Points Jeb Dunnuck | A wine that’s been made since 1967, the 2019 Cabernet Sauvignon Napa Valley is a beautifully textured, medium-bodied, sweetly fruited charmer that has lots of cassis and redcurrant fruit, some spicy oak, ripe tannins, and the balance to evolve and drink nicely for a decade. I think it’s outstanding. (2019).

Expert Review - Vintage 2020

The Wine Spectator 91 Points | A crowd-pleaser, with boysenberry and acai berry fruit flavors streaming through, while a silky but persistent structure carries this through the chocolate-framed finish. Caressing in feel, with a subtle savory echo at the very end. Drink now through 2033. 141,348 cases made.

Expert Review - Vinage 2021

The Wine Spectator 93 Points | This 2021 Blanc de Noirs opens with enticing aromas of bright citrus, pineapple, raspberry, and cherry, which harmonize with hints of toasted nuts and puff pastry. A tart and tangy entry, showcasing Cara Cara orange, nectarine, and peach, intertwines with a touch of almond cookie. A vibrant acidity in this bottling supports a long quenching finish. 

Winemaker Description 

This 2021 Blanc de Noirs opens with enticing aromas of bright citrus, pineapple, raspberry, and cherry, which harmonize with hints of toasted nuts and puff pastry. A tart and tangy entry, showcasing Cara Cara orange, nectarine, and peach, intertwines with a touch of almond cookie. A vibrant acidity in this bottling supports a long quenching finish. 

Expert Review

96 Points Decanter, Clive Pursehouse: This is quite the Chardonnay from Brianne Day and the renowned Eola Springs Vineyard in the best Chardonnay appellation in America. Winemaker Brianne Day chose three different blocks and three different cones: Hyde Wente, Mount Eden and Chardonnay 96 (a Dijon clone). She picked the Hyde Wente and Mount Eden early for structure and acid, and the Dijon 96 was picked later to flesh out the palate with riper fruits. Captivating lemon curd aromas and rich, honeyed apricots are followed by almond pastry cream - dollops of rich lemon cream, ripe peach fuzz, and rich apricot flesh.

Winemaker Notes

I have been wanting to work with another stellar Chardonnay site and was delighted to have the opportunity to purchase fruit from this gorgeous vineyard in the Eola Amity Hills. In an effort to get to know the vineyard well, I chose three different blocks and three different clones; Hyde Wente (California heritage clone), Mount Eden (another Cali heritage clone) and Chardonnay 96 (a Dijon clone). The Hyde Wente and Mount Eden were picked a little earlier for the structure and acid and the Dijon 96 a little later for some stone fruit and riper fruit. The wine is lively, lithe, and has a fairly solid mineral structure with a supple and glossy mid palate. Lemon curd, peaches, river stones, lime zest, sweet orange, honeysuckle and a hint of pastry all come to mind. - Winery

The Melon hails from the decomposed granite and limestone soils of the Chalone appellation, on a high elevation south-facing site planted in 1985 by the legendary DIck Graff. Overlooking Monterey from the east side of Salinas Valley, the site benefits from diurnal swings of warm days, cool nights, and a balanced coastal influence. This unique terroir offers excellent drainage and mineral-rich soils, ideal for producing wines of freshness, focus, and minerality. The fruit was whole-cluster pressed, settled, and transferred to concrete eggs and stainless steel for fermentation before aging for 6-months on lees in concrete eggs. The ‘24 Melon shows aromas of white flowers, pear, and lemon zest with a distinct saline character and marked acidity. - Distributor

The 2024 labels feature the work of Sandra Fontenas, a French visual artist and photographer based in La Rochelle, FR. 

Expert Review.

The Wine Enthusiast 95 Points | It is the 57th bottling of these bubbles. I hope you pick up a bottle to enjoy. This wine is bright, with aromas of Golden Delicious apple, orange blossom, acacia honey and mineral on the nose. Flavors on the palate are baked Bosc pear, mandarin orange, fresh walnut, toasted brioche and kaffir lime. The wine offers a subtle, creamy mousse, with a long, lifted and dry finish.

The Wine Spectator 91 Points | Fragrant and refreshing, this sleek version offers appealing flavors of green apple, Meyer lemon and yeast roll. Finishes bright, with acidity.

Winemaker Description 

Blanc de Blancs (white from whites), made from Chardonnay, is the counterpart to the Blanc de Noirs (white from blacks), made from Pinot Noir. Blanc de Blancs was the first wine Schramsberg produced in 1965 and was America's first commercially produced Chardonnay-based brut sparkling wine. Schramsberg Blanc de Blancs gained international recognition in 1972 when then President Nixon served the wine at the historic "Toast to Peace" in Beijing, China.

The Schramsberg style of Blanc de Blancs is dry and crisp. Small lots of barrel fermented wines, some of which complete malolactic fermentation, are added to stainless-steel fermented wines to create added complexity in the blended base wine. After undergoing a second fermentation in bottle, the wine then ages on its yeast lees for about two years prior to disgorgement. With its vibrant, fruitful and focused nature, this sparkling wine will maintain its freshness, structure and refined finish for many years, even decades following its initial release.

Expert Reviews - Vintage 2021

The Wine Enthusiast 94 Points | This is the flagship Chardonnay produced by Domaine Anderson. It is a glimpse into the winemaking style of the house, highlighting the cool climate, sunshine and proximity to the Pacific Ocean. The nose conveys pithy apple, youthful nectarine and butterscotch candy. The palate intensifies these notes, along with high acidity, minerals, cinnamon and a mouthwatering finish.

Jeb Dunnuck 92 Points | Made from estate-grown, certified organic vineyards, including three single-vineyard designates (Navarro-Fairhills, Walraven, and Dach), the 2021 Chardonnay Estate is a light-bodied white that is tangy in acidity and fresh citrus notes, expertly showcasing both the cool-climate region and coolness of the vintage, one of the earliest harvests on record in the Anderson Valley. Meyer lemon and a twist of lime highlight the aromatic profile, with more lemon developing on the palate as a nice complement to the green and Golden Delicious apple flavors.

The Wine Spectator 91 Points | With sleek notes of lemon, pear and yuzu alongside racy acidity, this pops out of the glass, finding wonderful harmony with the grace notes of white pepper and vanilla custard, plus a hint of salted butter shortbread on the finish. Drink now. 1,000 cases made.

Winemaker Description 

Producer Description 

A classic crisp, refreshing wine with apple, pear and citrus flavors, this is the perfect party wine to go, for those times when you don't know where the party might lead. 

Our White Zinfandel has a beautifully bright salmon color and aromas of strawberries and spice. Full of flavors, this wine has a refreshing crisp and clean finish.

A remarkably fruity wine that boasts ripe strawberry with layers of sugared lemon, passion fruit, watermelon, and hints of quince jam. This light bodied wine offers up a fruit cocktail of summer flavors leading to a delightfully bright finish.

Expert Reviews - Vintage 2021

The Wine Enthusiast 94 Points | This wine has a deep, dark and tempting core of black fruits and oak spices that is surrounded by the velvety, welcoming texture expected from a Merlot. Blackberries, blueberries, toasted wood and cedar bring out complexity on the palate and linger on the finish. Best through 2030.

The Wine Spectator 88 Points | Tightly structured and focused, displaying red and black currant flavors laced with notes of cedar and herbes de Provence as this builds toward firm tannins. Best after 2024. 2,427 cases made.

Winemaker Description 

The 2021 Alexander Valley Merlot offers notes of violets, marionberries and fresh plums with hints of black cardamon pods, cedar, green tobacco and white sage. Medium-to-full bodied with silky smooth texture and supple tannins.

Warehouse stored item - please allow one to three business days to fulfill.

Ryder Estate Chardonnay is bright, focused and elegant. Tropical and citrus aromas lead into flavors of pear, stone fruit and apple with a hint of vanilla. Pairs perfectly with baked mac & cheese, grilled romaine Caesar salad and celebrating after a satisfying day of kayaking on the river.

Winemaker Description 

Dry Riesling produced from grapes from a single block, delicate with tropical fruits and a crisp finish.

Awards & Ratings:

93 points, Wine Silver 2023 – International Wine and Spirits Competition (2018 vintage)

93 points / Silver Medal – Decanter World Wine Awards 2020. 

90 points / “Best Buy” – Wine Enthusiast 2020. 

90 points – Tim Atkin MW

89 points – JamesSuckling.com

Expert Reviews - Vintage 2022

Jeb Dunnuck 91 Points | Adelsheim’s single vineyards were planted in the early 2000s on very steep slopes at 485 to 625 feet elevation. The bright red 2022 Pinot Noir Boulder Bluff Vineyard has a fruity and floral profile with notes of candied raspberries, pressed flowers, sweet herbs, and fresh soil. It takes on more tension on the palate, with finely coiled tannins, juicy, ripe fruit, mouthwatering, fresh acidity, and a long feel throughout the finish. It’s focused and has a good, compact, yet elegant feel. Drink 2025-2037.

The Wine Advocate 92 Points | The 2022 Pinot Noir Boulder Bluff is supple and inviting. Matured for 10 months in 33% new French oak, it opens with wafts of iodine and woodsmoke that give way to wild berry fruit and accents of rose petal and tangerine. Medium-bodied, it offers layer after layer of red fruit, citrus and spice. It’s structured by finely chalky tannins and mouthwatering acidity and has a long, layered finish. 

Warehouse stored item - please allow one to three business days to fulfill.

Bright notes of Meyer lemon, lime and stone fruit, along with hints of melon and guava, give way to a crisp acidity that lends a beautiful freshness and structure to this wine. Hints of tarragon and other light herbal and grass notes lurk in the background, as well as a mild tartness that is a hallmark of Sauvignon Blanc. This is a wine that is a perfect first glass of the evening…and you’re probably going to want a second.

Warehouse stored item - please allow one to three business days to fulfill.

Warehouse stored item - please allow two to five business days to fulfill.

Vanilla highlights and rose petal aromas complement the ripe plum, blackberry and cherry flavors. Toasty oak and barrel spice wrap up with a soft, silky and lingering finish.

Warehouse stored item - please allow one to three business days to fulfill.

Tasting Panel 92 Points  Befitting its name, this blend of Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Petit Verdot, and Petite Sirah is opaque in hue, but the palate is juicy, glossy, and lusciously crafted, unmasking notes of dark chocolate, sage, and blackberry licorice.

Warehouse stored item - please allow two to five business days to fulfill.

White Horse wines embody the strong heritage and high quality of Wölffer Estate. Cabernet Franc, under the care of our outstanding vineyard crew, brings forth one of the most exciting and interesting red wines Long Island can produce. This wine has an elegant aroma, fruit-forward flavor and great intensity. This wine will age beautifully and is a perfect companion to food. 

Warehouse stored item - please allow two to three business days to fulfill.

We’ve crafted this Merlot to be a crowd-pleaser – the perfect accompaniment to any dish at the table. Dark cherry and rich milk chocolate aromas meld with lush raspberry and satsuma plum flavors on a smooth, velvety finish.

Warehouse stored item - please allow two to five business days to fulfill.

Ryder Estate Pinot Noir is lush, silky and balanced. Black cherry and plum aromas lead into flavors of bright red cherry and raspberry with a hint of mocha and toasty oak. Pairs deliciously with BBQ’d pulled pork, stuffed mushrooms and relaxing with friends after a successful high tide sunset surf.

James Suckling 90 Points | The nose expresses notes of red berries, roasted meat and raw chocolate. It’s medium-bodied with chalky tannins. Rather light center palate with a dense berry- and chocolate-packed finish.

Warehouse stored item - please allow three to five business days to fulfill.

Wine Enthusiast 92 Points | There are so many gems coming out of the 2023 vintage in California. Flavors of fresh-picked red berries, plums, pomegranates, mint sprigs, a kiss of earth and sunshine tell the story of a short but almost perfect growing season. Pick this one up and give it a whirl on the dinner table.  — Tonya Pitts 

Warehouse stored item - please allow three to five business days to fulfill.

Jeb Dunnuck 94 Points | Adelsheim’s single vineyards were planted in the early 2000s on very steep slopes at 485 to 625 feet elevation. The bright red 2022 Pinot Noir Boulder Bluff Vineyard has a fruity and floral profile with notes of candied raspberries, pressed flowers, sweet herbs, and fresh soil. It takes on more tension on the palate, with finely coiled tannins, juicy, ripe fruit, mouthwatering, fresh acidity, and a long feel throughout the finish. It’s focused and has a good, compact, yet elegant feel. Drink 2025-2037.

Winemaker Description 

Are you always on the lookout for the next delicious dessert wine to accompany your meals? Our 750ml plum drink variety could not be a better choice! With all the distinctive flavors you look for in a fruit-flavored sake, our sweet KOSHU Plum sake finishes off dinner with a taste to remember. You can serve it cold at the end of the meal, or try one as a drink right before you dig into your dinner. Either way, you get a refreshing beverage your guests will ask for again and again.

Intense, appetizing aromas of candied plum and cherry. The palate is sweet, but not cloying, with concentrated flavors of plum, black cherry and almond, and a lingering finish.

The KOSHU PLUM is a decadent, complex plum 'sake', ideal as an aperitif or dessert drink.

Producer Description 

Our GOTT 2022 Napa Valley Cabernet Sauvignon offers aromas of black cherry, blackberry, black currant, and cocoa, with subtle notes of cedar and sweet tobacco. On the palate, rich dark fruit flavors lead to complex, well-structured tannins on the mid-palate and are balanced by a long, elegant finish with delicate hints of dried herbs.

Expert Review - Vintage 2024

Tonya Pitts of The Wine Enthusiast writes 91 Points | Zesty aromas of celery, green papaya, kefir lime, and notes of White nectarine and White grapefruit saunter through the nose, beckoning to taste the ripe fresh fruits on the palate, pinpointed with higher acidity, leaving a crisp, clean, mouth-watering finish. Pair with fried oysters.

Winemaker Description 

This first release Sauvignon Blanc offers aromas of fresh peach, mango, honeydew, citrus and green grass. The palate shows green apple, citrus including white grapefruit, and crisp white peach.

Expert Review - Vintage 2022

Tonya Pitts of The Wine Enthusiast writes 92 Points | This wine is concentrated, with aromas of black currant confiture, cracked black peppercorn, clove-spiced orange and earth on the nose. The flavors on the palate are cherry-cranberry coulis, pomegranate jam, lime-vanilla cream and wintergreen mint, with spicy, gripping tannins to finish. 

Winemaker Description 

Beautiful ruby red in color, the wine bursts with notes of cherry, raspberry, and a touch of cassis. Medium-bodied with wonderful deep flavors that satisfy every inch of your palate. Rich flavors of fresh fruit join with soft oak to create a beautifully long and smooth finish.

This refreshing California Rosé is clean, dry, and light-bodied—perfectly food-friendly. Made from a blend of international varietals including Grenache, Barbera, and Mourvèdre, it offers a layered profile with subtle complexity. Delicate savory notes are complemented by minimality and pleasant saline finish. Debra, 67 Rose Wine Buyer

Matthiason Winery

STORY

We first started making Rosé more than 25 years ago in our backyard, because no one was making the style of Rosé we wanted to drink: with complex French Provençal flavors, but much lighter and crisper. Today, we source the grapes from the Windmill Vineyard and the Muller Vineyard in the Dunnigan Hills AVA of Yolo County. Both vineyards are lovingly farmed organically - and in fact Steve taught one of the vineyard managers how to farm organically 14 years ago.

Expert Reviews - Vintage 2018 

Antonio Galloni of Vinous writes 97 Points | Very precise, focused aromas of blackberry, blackcurrant and dark chocolate with violet and light tar undertones. Floral. Full-bodied, yet so manicured and refined with tannins that are polished and slightly dusty. Vibrant energy in the tannins, instead of just raw power. Some minerality. Very long finish.

Jeb Dunnuck 97 Points | Possibly the finest vintage for this cuvée (at least that I’ve tasted), the 2018 Bettina is a brilliant blend of 65% Cabernet Sauvignon, 18% Merlot, 13% Petit Verdot, and the rest Cabernet Franc. Its vivid ruby/purple color is followed by a captivating nose of crème de cassis, white flowers, toasty oak, bay leaf, and mountain scrub brush-like nuances. Medium to full-bodied, flawlessly balanced, and seamless on the palate, it’s going to benefit from bottle age, but I’d certainly struggle to keep my hands off bottles.

Winemaker Description 

The 2018 Bettina is a classy, polished wine right out of the bottle. A burst of inky dark fruit, lavender, spice, menthol and dried herbs makes a strong opening statement. The decision to use some whole clusters and the elevated amount of Petit Verdot results in a savory, beautifully perfumed wine that impresses from start to finish. Elegant and so precise, the 2018 Bettina is terrific. This is the first vintage of the Bettina to incorporate a dollop of fruit from Bryant Estate as a complement to the Abreu fruit that forms the core of the blend.

Expert Reviews - Vintage 2021

Decanter 97 Points | A totally seductive, fresh, and vibrant 100% Cabernet Sauvignon from Cathy Corison showcasing fragrant black cherry and blue fruit aromatics, a hint of liquorice and incense, and toasty cedarwood. Medium to full-bodied, with silky boysenberry fruit, satiny tannins, a spine of tantalising acidity, and a long mineral-rich finish lifted by tangerine peel and grapefruit zest. Aged 20 months in French oak barrels, of which 50% were new. The winery has been a Napa staple almost since opening its doors in 1987.

Elaine Chukan Brown of The Wine Enthusiast writes 96 Points | A demonstration of restraint with depth focused on complexity, length, and poise. This 100% Cabernet Sauvignon delivers flavors of cedar, firm black plum, and the lightest touch of coffee, lifted by aromatics of crushed fennel seed and hints of pink grapefruit. Tannins are powdery fine while persistent, carried into a long finish by mouthwatering acidity."

James Molesworth of The Wine Spectator wrtes 95 Points | This takes an elegant approach, offering racy, refined notes of iris, violet, hibiscus and mulberry that stay focused and fresh from start to finish, flashing light mineral and anise accents along the way. The finish glistens with purity, and the precision should allow this to evolve nicely in the cellar. Drink now through 2040.

Antonio Galloni of Vinous writes 93 Points | The 2021 Cabernet Sauvignon (Napa Valley) is gorgeous. Medium in body and super-expressive, the 2021 is a classic Cathy Corison wine. Pipe tobacco, cedar, crushed leaves and earthy tones all run through this wonderfully nuanced Cabernet Sauvignon. Readers will find an exquisite, alluring old-school Napa Cabernet that delivers the goods, big time. All the elements are so well balanced.

Winemaker Description 

In 2021, a small crop of tiny, tasty berries was the result of major drought, cool
weather at flowering in May, and a heat spike in June. Then moderate temperatures throughout the ripening season brought the fruit to balanced perfection. It’s my 35th vintage!

This wine is so pretty, with dried rose, violet and peony perfume. It’s joined by juicy bright red cherry, raspberry and darker plum, cassis and blackberry fruit notes. Dust, baking spices and hints of chocolate integrate with velvety tannins in seamless harmony. Mouthwatering natural acidity lends snappy balance and the flavors go on and on in the finish. ~ Cathy Corison

Expert Review - Vintage 2019

Jeb Dunnuck 92 Points | Moving to a darker expression, the 2019 Bootleg Red Blend pours an inky black hue and offers up aromas of pencil shaving, boysenberry preserve, and sweet tobacco. Full-bodied, with full, ripe tannins, it reveals notes of preserved black plum, crushed purple flowers, and turned soil. 

Winemaker Description 

Moving to a darker expression, the 2019 Bootleg Red Blend pours an inky black hue and offers up aromas of pencil shaving, boysenberry preserve, and sweet tobacco. Fullbodied, with full, ripe tannins, it reveals notes of preserved black plum, crushed purple flowers, and turned soil.